@incollection{10.1093/9780198947516.003.0002,
    author = {Hassel, Anke and Di Carlo, Donato},
    editor = {Hassel, Anke and Palier, Bruno},
    isbn = {9780198947486},
    title = {Germany: Adjustments of an Export-Led Growth Regime},
    booktitle = {Growth Strategies and Welfare Reforms: How Nations Cope with Economic Transitions},
    publisher = {Oxford University Press},
    year = {2025},
    month = {10},
    abstract = {This chapter traces the evolution of Germany’s export-led growth regime across three distinct phases, focusing on the interplay between the growth regime and governments’ economic and social policy reforms. In the first phase (1990–2007), post-reunification challenges led to wage restraint, fiscal consolidation, and labor market dualization to restore competitiveness and strengthen exports. The second phase (2007–2019) saw a partial rebalancing, with labor market reregulation and moderate public investment addressing structural weaknesses. In the third phase (2020 onward), crises like COVID-19 and the energy shock prompted a shift toward interventionist industrial policy and Keynesian fiscal measures. These phases underscore how economic policies have evolved to sustain Germany’s export-driven model amidst shifting pressures and priorities.},
    doi = {10.1093/9780198947516.003.0002},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198947516.003.0002},
    eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/book/0/chapter/530338543/chapter-pdf/64146997/isbn-9780198947516-book-part-2.pdf},
}